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Linux disk management ​

Use UUID in fstab file ​

Find disks UUID ​

sh
ls /dev/disk/by-uuid -la

Output:

bash
0E8F-D420 -> ../../sdd1
0f43a799-68a1-412f-9d63-67c78375262e -> ../../sdd2
2afcf0ee-f07e-4309-8ea9-76898c5a87ff -> ../../sdd4
a7e287a2-9ada-44cf-b6ce-f32c23e0ebf3 -> ../../sdd3
a9f7fcb5-108a-4210-bc14-1a59cd1f7133 -> ../../md0
e04e6c4d-aea5-4465-8a06-c7163196db27 -> ../../sde1

Use them in fstab ​

sh
UUID=e04e6c4d-aea5-4465-8a06-c7163196db27       /mnt/ssd1       ext4    defaults        0       3

Create new partition table with parted ​

Start parted on the disk

sh
parted /dev/sdc

Create GPT disk label

sh
(parted) mklabel gpt

Create one partition of all available space

Create partition on entire disk ​

sh
(parted) mkpart primary 0% 100%

Create partition on spesific size in MB ​

sh
(parted) unit MB print free # will print in mb
(parted) mkpart primary ext4 1MB 8001463MB # from - to

Print to see current partition table

sh
(parted) print

Output for this example looks like

bash
Model: ATA WDC WD100EFAX-68 (scsi)
Disk /dev/sdc: 10.0TB
Sector size (logical/physical): 512B/4096B
Partition Table: gpt
Disk Flags:

Number  Start   End     Size    File system  Name     Flags
 1      0.00TB  10.0TB  10.0TB               primary

Save and quit

sh
(parted) quit

Format partition ​

sh
mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdc1

Output

bash
mke2fs 1.43.4 (31-Jan-2017)
Creating filesystem with 2441608704 4k blocks and 305201152 inodes
Filesystem UUID: c1692a98-9c4a-4127-9bed-f86e5fcab9dc
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208,
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968,
        102400000, 214990848, 512000000, 550731776, 644972544, 1934917632

Allocating group tables: done
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (262144 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done

Mount

sh
mount /dev/sdc1 /mnt/disk1

Linux software RAID setup with mdadm ​

Manpage

Create new array ​

Raid 1 (mirror) with 2 devices

sh
sudo mdadm --create --verbose /dev/md0 --level=1 --raid-devices=2 /dev/sdc /dev/sdd

check status ​

sh
cat /proc/mdstat

While creating it could look like this:

bash
Personalities : [raid1] [linear] [multipath] [raid0] [raid6] [raid5] [raid4] [raid10]
md1 : active raid1 sdd[1] sdc[0]
      9766305792 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]
      [===>.................]  resync = 18.5% (1811232960/9766305792) finish=686.7min speed=193056K/sec
      bitmap: 60/73 pages [240KB], 65536KB chunk

Healthy output when everything is up and running looks something like this:

bash
md0 : active raid1 sda1[1] sdb1[2]
      3906886272 blocks super 1.2 [2/2] [UU]

unused devices: <none>

scan and find existing ​

Add to the config, config file location might vary depending on distro

sh
sudo mdadm --detail --scan | sudo tee -a /etc/mdadm/mdadm.conf

md127 ​

If your new raid device appears as /dev/md127 you should try and update initramfs then reboot

sh
sudo update-initramfs -u

Create filesystem on RAID device ​

sh
sudo mkfs.ext4 -F /dev/md0

fstab config for mdadm devices ​

sh
/dev/md0        /mnt/md0                        ext4    defaults        0       2
#### mount bind dev
/mnt/md0/development/ /home/atle/development        none    bind

Linux disk check and error handling ​

SMART ​

Show info

sh
sudo smartctl --info /dev/sdf

Show attributes

sh
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdf

Run short test

sh
sudo smartctl -t short -a /dev/sdf

Run long test (type sata)

sh
sudo smartctl -d sat -t long -a /dev/sdf

Show capabilities and status for test

sh
sudo smartctl --capabilities /dev/sdf

Show errors if test fails

sh
sudo smartctl --log=selftest /dev/sdf